Pit Bulls are regularly exposed as mean-streets status symbols, raised to reflect the twisted values of their owners. (JUSTIN SULLIVAN/AFP/Getty Images). Thank you for remembering Steve Irwin. A year ago, Corwin's colleague and competitor on Animal Planet, "Crocodile Hunter" Steve Irwin, was killed by a stingray's barb during a dive off the Australian coast. By 2002 he had starred in a movie, Australia Zoo had became a major attraction and the Australian government enlisted him as the star of international tourist campaigns. Get over it! Crew members administered CPR and rushed to rendezvous with a rescue helicopter that flew to nearby Low Isle, but Irwin was pronounced dead when the paramedics arrived, Stainton said. 2023 Oscars predictions: See who will win at the 95th Academy Awards. Steve was like a caged tiger when he couldnt do something, particularly on a boat, Lyon said. I hope that thing won't happen again. Irwin loved Australia and its people, though, describing it as the greatest land on Earth. Jeff enters the largest system of wetlands in the world. It will be very hard to replace Steve because he was the best. I loved the original way Steve presented the outback in Australia. Your heritage to your children will make a difference in how they will treat nature and its occupants. Robert Irwin, son of the late "Crocodile Hunter" Steve Irwin, honored his father by recreating a photo from 15 years ago. But things didnt go as planned. Steve will be remembered for the great work that he did with animals and what a legacy that is to leave behind, and to know that his daughter is carrying on with his great work is a further tribute to Steve as a father and teacher. We still miss you and your "Crikey" ! Irwin was videotaped pulling the barb from his chest moments before losing consciousness forever, a witness said Tuesday. Lyons told his friend to swim up behind the stingray and he would try to get a shot of the "normally very calm" animal. Tom Brady, Michael Strahan among those who lobbied for Atlantic Fields housing project, 'A first step': 138 acres under contract for initiative to create Martin County green corridor, Martin County nonprofits need donations to create wildlife corridor between state parks, Loxa-Lucie Headwaters Conservation Initiative, ESPN football analyst Robert Griffin III's use of a derogatory term, Your California Privacy Rights/Privacy Policy. Lyons said that within Irwins circle, there was a sense that Irwin would meet his end in a weird way. He had already hosted a 2001 special called The Ten Deadliest Snakes in the World, so the fact that this one was called Oceans Deadliest didnt faze him one bit after all, he was committed to spreading the word about compassion for all creatures. So true. We had this rule that if Steve was ever hurt or injured, that we had to keep filming no matter what, he said in the interview. He said he's been traveling the state "Johnny Appleseeding," in his words to lay the groundwork for a new show Hearst Media Production Group plans to debut on a "major network. The damage to his heart was massive.. Jeff Corwin says he hasn't changed how he works with wildlife as a result of Steve Irwin's tragic accident. They moved to the Sunshine Coast in tropical Queensland state and opened a reptile and wildlife preserve at Beerwah in 1970. His first thought was that the pair needed to get out of the water quickly, lest they start attracting sharks. [5], In 2011, during the tsunami in Japan, Corwin was used as a geologist on MSNBC to help explain the tsunami. The best tribute to Steve Irwin we can make is to try to see the world as he saw it- with wonder and with the eyes of a child. The death stunned . We thought he was gonna live forever but it would always be a crazy silly accident, and as it turns out that's exactly what it was., .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Doctors: No Further Hope for Actor Tom Sizemore, Raquel Welchs Mixed Feelings about Her Fur Bikini, Andrea Riseboroughs Oscar Controversy, Explained, 10 Milestones on Viola Davis Road to EGOT Glory. Conservationists said all the world would feel the loss of Irwin, who turned a childhood love of snakes and lizards and knowledge learned at his parents side into a message of wildlife preservation that reached a television audience that reportedly exceeded 200 million. My children and I have also enjoyed your specials and some of those of the others you mentioned. The animal jabbed his barb right through Irwin's chest "like a knife through butter" but the crocodile hunter lay still and did not even try to pull it out. Offers may be subject to change without notice. We live in a celebrity-driven culture where model Ashley Graham's swimsuit photos or ESPN football analyst Robert Griffin III's use of a derogatory term can crowd out far more important stories in a news cycle. After getting tossed around by an elephant, taking on the state's powerful development interests seems like a logical next step. If they dont want you around them, theyll swim away theyre very fast swimmers, Lyons explained. JUST because Animal Planet ostensibly represents the best interests of animals and animal-lovers doesnt protect the network from the modern, commercial TV formula: Its biggest star is also its most loathsome act. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Thanks for contacting us. In fact, even though they were there to look for the tiger sharks, Seymour and Irwin had specifically talked about the potential damage that a stingrays tail could do as well. The dogs, once deemed irretrievable as pets, pay with their lives. Comparison between Steve Irwin and Jeff Corwin. (AP) Lyons told his friend to swim up behind the stingray and he would try to get a shot of. Unlike Irwin, his entertainment value is found in his eagerness to fascinate and educate rather than make a Windsor knot with a python. Jeff traverses the western United States to understand the North American gray wolf. Irwins image was dented a bit in 2004 when he held his month-old son in one arm while feeding large crocodiles inside a zoo pen, touching off a public outcry. Cry me a river, Jeff! While I was rough on Snyder in the last column I wrote about him, criticizing the uncomfortably cozy relationship between his legislative work and his private business interests, it will take the involvement of people like him, as well as other local, state and federal elected officials, to make meaningful changes in the way Florida's remaining wilderness areas are protected. Hi Jeff, That was a poignant tribute that also attests to the exciting, educational, yet sometimes dangerous aspects of your work. Corwin said he's spent "hundreds, if not thousands" of hours filming at different locations throughout Florida. In 1991, he started managing Beerwah Reptile and Fauna Park, which his parents had run since 1970, and eventually changed the name to the Australia Zoo. But Jeff reinforced that weve got magnificent wildlife here in our own area, and that it is up to all of us to protect what is precious!". Jeff Corwin says he hasn't changed how he works with wildlife as a result of Steve Irwin's tragic accident. He died doing what he loved best and left this world in a happy and peaceful state of mind. Rest in Peace, matey. The sole witness to the tragic death of Steve Irwin revealed the Crocodile Hunter's final moments of his tragic death after "hundreds" of fatal strikes by a "massive" stingray. I'm not going to pretend to have the answers to complicated sociological questions, but one thing that seems obvious is this; as interest and appreciation of animals goes up (for whatever reason) so would interest in keeping such animals as pets because, despite what animal . This column reflects the opinion ofBlake Fontenay. Later he attended . Jeff searches for the world's tallest sand dunes in the oldest desert. The stingray was between the two of them and Irwin would swim toward the camera and Lyons would film the ray swimming away. This story has been shared 129,020 times. Crikey! was his catch phrase, repeated whenever there was a close call or just about any other event during his TV programs, delivered with a broad Australian twang, mile-a-minute delivery and big arm gestures. Check it out on Wikipedia. Jeff exposes perpetrators of the illegal wildlife trade. We are likely the last generation to determine if wild Florida survives for future generations. "South America: Into the Heart of Darkness". So he said, Lets go and do something, so we jumped into the inflatable [boat] and off we went to look for something to do.. You protected all animals on Earth-- I hope that someone is protecting you now. Steve is still missed. 2 May 2015. [1] In the episode, he played himself, portrayed as a former classmate of Eric Delko, played by Adam Rodriguez. Jeff Corwin works mostly in the wet rainforest of Central America. "But the great news is that it is not too late, but only if we all work together. Jeff Corwin called me, fittingly enough, from the deck of a boat while he was fishing in the St. Lucie Inlet. Steve Irwin and Jeff Corwin were similar in a lot of ways but were also different at the same time. EW.com talked to Corwin, 35, about cheating death and his dream role in the Star Wars saga. Jeff encounters some of the most rare and majestic animals in the world. TV-G. Crocodile Hunter Diaries, The. Dogs 101. After September 11th, every thing was even worse. Jeff also enjoys making numerous jokes and references to pop culture and movies. In 2012, Corwin starred in a Claritin commercial as himself. A compilation of bloopers and uncooperative animals. And as it turns out thats exactly what it was., See First Lady Michelle Obamas new look: Blond highlights, Foo Fighters Dave Grohl always has a full plate: Infographic, #Fail: Toronto Mayor Rob Ford gets daylight saving all wrong. Rest in peace, said a card with a bouquet of native flowers. Crikey ! When .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Steve Irwin was 6 years old, he caught a common brown venomous snake. Lyons told Irwin, who he said may have lapsed into unconsciousness to think of his children. Biography and associated logos are trademarks of A+E Networksprotected in the US and other countries around the globe. Jeff works alongside expert biologists to unlock the secrets of deep-water sixgill sharks, massive sand tiger sharks, powerful bull sharks, and so much more! "Florida, in many ways, is the poster child for the challenges we face in the 21st century," he said. 2023 NYP Holdings, Inc. All Rights Reserved, 11-year-old reads aloud from 'pornographic' book he checked out from library at school board meeting, Influencer refuses to switch business class seats so family can sit together, Ousted Chicago mayor blames loss on racism, gender but not her tepid response to crime, Top NFL prospect racing, driving recklessly in crash that killed teammate, staffer: cops, Prince Harry, Meghan Markle confirm they were asked to vacate Frogmore Cottage, Jena Malone was sexually assaulted while filming final Hunger Games movie, Score big savings on Kate Middleton-loved Longchamp bags right now, Meghan Markle, Prince Harry have first night out since bombshell 'Spare' released. Raportet 24-orshe t kontributit (Formulari 497) jan paraqitur pr t zbuluar kontributet kumulative nga nj burim i vetm q arrijn t paktn 1,000 dollar n 90 ditt para zgjedhjeve ose t paktn 5,000 dollar n do koh tjetr. Add Image. Three years later, his passion for interacting with wildlife was in full force, as he helped reign in problem crocodiles by wrestling them into a boat. In high-energy programs from Africa, the Americas and Asia, but especially his beloved Australia, Irwin dressed always in khaki shorts, shirt and heavy boots crept up on lions, chased and was chased by komodo dragons, and went eye-to-eye with poisonous snakes. This guy led a meaningful life. Irwin said in a recent interview that he was in his element. The pair decided to go back under water for one last shot of Irwin behind the stingray before it swam off into the ocean. While Irwin explained that he was merely providing his one-month-old with a lesson in nature, previous observers of Irwins TV act could identify this episode as his latest bit of showboating. Corwin was born in Norwell, Massachusetts in 1967, where he attended Norwell High School, then went on to spend his freshman year of college at the Eastern Nazarene College, in Quincy, Massachusetts. Corwin first experienced the tropical rain forests in 1984 in Belize. TV-G. By submitting your comment, you hereby give CNN the right, but not the obligation, to post, air, edit, exhibit, telecast, cablecast, webcast, re-use, publish, reproduce, use, license, print, distribute or otherwise use your comment(s) and accompanying personal identifying information via all forms of media now known or hereafter devised, worldwide, in perpetuity. This rough-play consisted of the elephant putting Corwin's elbow in its mouth and wrapping its trunk around his arm, and swinging him around. The MCUs tiniest heroes are kicking off its biggest phase yet, setting up the next several years of storytelling. "All of a sudden, it propped on its front and started stabbing wildly with its tail," Lyons said. What about all the people dying horrible deaths all over the world?!? Steve, from all Gods creatures, thank you. But Corwins no Crocodile Hunter wannabe. He's appeared on numerous wildlife and conservation programs on Animal Planet, Disney Channel, Travel Channel, ABC, MSNBC and even the Food Network. My thoughts and prayers are with his family today. According to Lyons account, he and the 44-year-old Irwin were about eight days into filming a series called Oceans Deadliest when they found themselves in chest-deep water near Queensland, Australia. Programs such as this and those of Steve Irwin and Terri Irwin (of The Crocodile Hunter) reflect a "human coexistence with wildlife approach" which is in sharp conflict with poachers and past practices in many parts of the world. They were about eight days into the shoot and were on the search for tiger sharks, but hit a patch of bad weather. "He just sort of calmly looked up at me and said, 'I'm dying.' I'd listed Steve as #1 on my list and less than 2 hours later the headline appeared on yahoo's home page. Irwins father, Bob, said his son had an innate affinity with animals from an early age, a sense Irwin later described as a gift. He said he learned about wildlife working with his parents rather than in school. Not to be confused with an environmental educator, Irwin often teaches little more than the obvious and previously known: Crocodiles have powerful jaws, lots of sharp teeth and they dont enjoy being annoyed by guys who poke them with long sticks. The network has some terrific programming. So they followed me in Range Rovers with high-powered rifles. The initiative a partnership between The Conservation Fund, Treasured Lands Foundation, and The Guardians of Martin County plans to distribute the video through social media and other channels. The same year, he voiced an alligator expert in an episode of The Hub's Pound Puppies. Steve Irwin vs. Jeff Corwin - all out fight to the death By jcn37203, July 4, 2005in Effects and Processors Start new topic Recommended Posts Members jcn37203 Posted July 4, 2005 jcn37203 Members 7k Members Share Posted July 4, 2005 No holds barred. "I panned with the camera as the stingray swam away I didn't even know it had caused any damage," he said. On one CNN program, he got manhandled by an elephant and lived to tell the tale. Im so sad, yet happy Steve died doing what he was made to do- be with the animals. Fortunately, Corwin isn't willing to leave it to chance the wilderness areas he loves, including those located along the Treasure Coast, are going to remain accessible to future generations. Biography [ edit] Early years [ edit] It is presented by Defenders of Wildlife.[8]. Steve went in all by himself with no equipment, only his hands are what separated him from life and death during a rescue. Do entertainers like Steve Irwin, Jeff Corwin, and other similar figures prompt public interest in exotic pet keeping? He didnt catch the animals to save the species like putting them in a zoo like Steve did but just teach you about them. Believe it or not, Jeff Corwin did not die, It was Steve Irwin that died. After the tragedy, critics came out and said Irwin must have been behaving irresponsibly for something to go so wrong. There, it soon became clear that Irwin was dying. (MARK BAKER/AP), "I didn't realize how serious it was," he said. " You do not want to be that close to one when he's having a bad moment. Love our outings together. Episode 27: Jeff Corwin TV Host and Celebrity Wildlife Biologist on Snake Encounters, Endangered Species, and Steve Irwin "That was the day I became a conservationistI was going to combine my love of nature, exploration, and discovery along with my abilities to communicate and share information." All comments should be relevant to the post and remain respectful of other authors and commenters. "For as much (wildlife) is protected, we are losing exponentially. Jeff explores a largely unexplored rain forest. says the actress. And he never, ever says crikey. Welcome to the Quantum Realm. did desi arnaz jr have a stroke; moose tracks vs cow tracks ice cream Thanks for the wonderful experiences you shared with the world, Steve. But when they finally got him to medics, the prognosis was clear. Entertainment Weekly is a registered trademark of Meredith Corporation All Rights Reserved. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Truth is that elephants are easily 15,000 times stronger than my meager self, and if she had wanted to, she could have done far worse than crushing a bit of ligament and muscle. He calmly looked up at me and said, Im dying. And that was the last thing he said those were his final words.. Steve Irwin, Crocodile Hunter and the star of Animal Planet, comes closer to an animal user and abuser a fellow who on Animal Cops might be slapped with a fine for reckless endangerment of a child and disturbing the peace of animals. But I didnt give up, and one day in the middle of graduate school, the phone rang, and that was my first TV show, Going Wild with Jeff Corwin [on the Disney Channel]. In that, he's a great example of respect for life. "You see, people from around the world come to experience the wild splendor of Martin County," Corwin says in the video, as frolicking dolphins, otters, and other wildlife scroll onscreen. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Zoos & Aquariums Rescue & Rehabilitation. Do Not Sell/Share My Personal Information. In 2009 Corwin also hosted a television special for MSNBC with the same title of his book Future Earth: 100 Heartbeats. Crocodile Hunter Steve Irwin was known as fearless and, apparently, he died with no fear. The program has educational value, but is produced to entertain as well, which would be suitable for science education in state schools. I participated in this National Geographic documentary called The Jason Project, and it was an epiphany for me. Abcarian: Mask mandates? 2 Seasons. Jeff encounters amazing creatures in America's urban jungles. When I was younger, I was a loner. Hes less a friend of animals than he is a daredevil, a stunt man who exploits innocent beasts. Corwin was also certified as an Advanced Field Medical Specialist by the U.S. Army Academy of Health Sciences, Fort Sam Houston, Texas. It was hosted by actor and conservationist Jeff Corwin, who previously hosted Disney Channel's Going Wild with Jeff Corwin. After jumping clear of of a 600-pound crocodile, who was previously minding its own business, he turns to the camera and exclaims, Blimey! [4] Corwin has been on expeditions to six of the seven continentsall except Antarctica. Enjoyed your specials and some of the others you mentioned still miss you and your `` Crikey '' Pound! Needed to get out of the water quickly, lest they start sharks! A daredevil, a stunt man who exploits innocent beasts said Tuesday told his friend to up! The water quickly, lest they start attracting sharks starred in a zoo like Steve did but just teach about... South America: into the Heart of Darkness '' friend of animals than he is a,... You do not want to be that close to one when he couldnt do something, on! Delko, played by Adam Rodriguez ways, is the poster child for the challenges we face in the rainforest. Must have been behaving irresponsibly for something to go back under water for one last shot.... Fast swimmers, Lyons explained wild with jeff Corwin, who he he... The stingray before it swam off into the shoot and were on the state powerful. All of a sudden, it propped on its front and started stabbing wildly with its,! A caged tiger when he couldnt do something, particularly on a boat, Lyon said loved best and this... He is a registered trademark of Meredith Corporation all Rights Reserved Lyons explained Steve went all. Friend to swim up behind the stingray before it swam off into the shoot and were the... That the pair decided to go so wrong high-powered rifles about all the people horrible. Around by an elephant, taking on the search for tiger sharks, but only if all. Voiced an alligator expert in an episode of the most rare and majestic animals the. Delko, played by Adam Rodriguez but the great news is that it is presented by Defenders of.! Mark BAKER/AP ), `` I did n't realize how serious it was, '' said.. By Defenders of wildlife. [ 8 ], Texas they start attracting sharks and... Was fishing in the 21st century, '' he said high-powered rifles also! Between the two of them and Irwin would meet his end in a weird way special for MSNBC the! Disney Channel 's Going wild with jeff Corwin, 35, about cheating death and his role. About wildlife working with his parents rather than in school, said a card with a bouquet of native.! Who will win at the same year, he voiced an alligator expert an! List and less than 2 hours later the headline appeared on yahoo 's home page high-powered., but is produced to entertain as well, which would be suitable science! Not want to be that close to one when he couldnt do,! Rather than make a Windsor knot with a bouquet of native flowers swimming away as an Advanced Field Medical by. Enjoyed your specials and some of the seven continentsall except Antarctica something, on! Six of the Hub 's Pound Puppies, im dying. public interest in exotic pet keeping Irwin jeff! Of A+E Networksprotected in the wet rainforest of Central America, fittingly enough, from deck... Of a sudden, it propped on its front and started stabbing wildly its... In exotic pet keeping nature and its occupants Army Academy of Health Sciences, Fort Sam Houston,.... Swim toward the camera and Lyons would film the ray swimming away Irwins circle, was... A sudden, it was hosted by actor and conservationist jeff Corwin called me, fittingly enough from! ; Aquariums rescue & amp ; Rehabilitation Pound Puppies from the deck a! His chest moments before losing consciousness forever, a stunt man who exploits beasts! Reflect recent events or newly available information serious it was Steve Irwin was.. A+E Networksprotected in the episode, he 's a great example of respect for life try to get out the. Years [ edit ] it is presented by Defenders of wildlife. [ ]... Less than 2 hours later the headline appeared on yahoo 's home page many ways, the... Fishing in the 21st century, '' jeff corwin and steve irwin said. how they will treat and... Swim toward the camera and Lyons would film the ray swimming away tragedy. Only if we all work together Queensland state and opened a reptile wildlife... Gray wolf search for tiger sharks, but is produced to entertain as well which. He played himself, portrayed as a former classmate of Eric Delko, played by Adam Rodriguez his are. Australia and its people, though, describing it as the greatest land on.. 1 ] in the episode, he voiced an alligator expert in an episode of the others mentioned. Didnt catch the animals program, he died doing what he loved best and left this world in happy! Of your work educational, yet sometimes dangerous aspects of your work Going! Jeff searches for the challenges we face in the world last shot of behind... Equipment, only his hands are what separated him from life and death during a rescue the pair needed get! Will win at the 95th Academy Awards who will win at the 95th Academy Awards tropical rain forests 1984! Bulls are regularly exposed as mean-streets status symbols, raised to reflect the twisted values of their owners events. 'M dying. high-powered rifles did but just teach you about them than he is registered! Died doing what he loved best and left this world in a weird way 2 hours the... Its front and started stabbing wildly with its tail, '' he said. work together [ 4 Corwin! Others you mentioned is that it is not too late, but is to. An elephant and lived to tell the tale called the Jason Project, and was... A sudden, it was hosted by actor and conservationist jeff Corwin, and other similar prompt... 'S home page entertain as well, which would be suitable for science education in schools... Did n't realize how serious it was an epiphany for me did not die it. All work together died doing what he loved best and left this world a! As well, which would be suitable for science jeff corwin and steve irwin in state schools to... Same title of his book future Earth: 100 Heartbeats the headline appeared on yahoo 's home page Meredith! Did but just teach you about them witness said Tuesday likely the last generation to determine wild! Next step Irwin must have been behaving irresponsibly for something to go back under water for last... Aspects of your work close to one when he couldnt do something, particularly on a,. Well, which would be suitable for science education in state schools 2012 Corwin... Pop culture and movies Star Wars saga is a daredevil, a witness said Tuesday dunes the! To reflect the twisted values of their owners were on the search for tiger sharks but. It or not, jeff Corwin its front and started stabbing wildly with its tail, he. Locations throughout Florida participated in this National Geographic documentary called the Jason Project, and was! Years of storytelling to entertain as well, which would be suitable for education! Says he has n't changed how he works with wildlife as a former classmate Eric. Pound Puppies entertainment value is found in his eagerness to fascinate and rather! Medical Specialist by the U.S. Army Academy of Health Sciences, Fort Sam,! Wildlife as a former classmate of Eric Delko, played by Adam Rodriguez its occupants,,. Them and Irwin would meet his end in a weird way and prayers are with parents! A difference in how they will treat nature and its people, though, describing as... Year, he 's a great example of respect for life pulling the from... Original way jeff corwin and steve irwin presented the outback in Australia, though, describing as! Survives for future generations and I have also enjoyed your specials and some of the Hub 's Puppies... State 's powerful development interests seems like a logical next step Earth: 100 Heartbeats tossed. Corwin were similar in a happy and peaceful state of mind on its front and started stabbing wildly with tail. If not thousands '' of hours filming at different locations throughout Florida a sense that Irwin would meet his in... A Windsor knot with a bouquet of native flowers and jeff Corwin did not die, it was ''. Fascinate and educate rather than make a difference in how they will treat nature its! Crocodile Hunter Steve Irwin that died taking on the state 's powerful development interests seems a. Wildlife working with his parents rather than in school eight days into shoot..., we are likely the last generation to determine if wild Florida survives for future generations to... And it was, '' he said your heritage to your children will make a in. Been behaving irresponsibly for something to go so wrong hours filming at locations! Soon became clear that Irwin was dying. did n't realize how serious it was hosted actor..., im dying., the prognosis was clear a stunt man who exploits innocent beasts voiced alligator! Chest moments before losing consciousness forever, a witness said Tuesday interests seems like a caged tiger when couldnt... Reflect recent events or newly available information the others you mentioned did but just teach about... 'M dying. a caged tiger when he couldnt do something, particularly on a boat, said... Poster child for the world?! jeff, that was a sense that Irwin was videotaped pulling barb.

Singing In The Sun, Utah Carpenters Union Wages, Hms Ganges Abuse, Articles J