The Imperial cult of ancient Rome identified Roman emperors and some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority (auctoritas) of the Roman State. In an ecclesiocracy, the religious leaders assume a leading role in the state, but do not claim that they are instruments of divine revelation. As a result, some Sinologists translate the title huangdi (usually rendered "emperor") as thearch. As a priest is considered to understand . 2. In a theocracy, all laws and regulations of a country originate from the rules set forth by a particular religion and its god or deity. "[10] Although the laws of Vatican City come from the secular laws of Italy, under article 3 of the Law of the Sources of the Law, provision is made for the supplementary application of the "laws promulgated by the Kingdom of Italy". Robert Longley is a U.S. government and history expert with over 30 years of experience in municipal government and urban planning. Theocratic governments are typically efficient and streamlined, with all directives rapidly implemented down to the community level. By contrast, Iran elects a president for a four-year term. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. Also, if social attitudes towards a particular minority religion are generally negative, there can be a sense of impunity when it comes to persecuting or otherwise targeting a particular group. Money was abolished and any violations of the Ten Commandments were punished by death. [16] Movie theaters were closed and repurposed as mosques. Through this line of descent, the emperor was seen as a living god who was the supreme leader of the Japanese people. Serving their divine leader or leaders rather than the citizens, theocracies are often oppressive in function, with harsh punishment for rule-breakers. According to its charter, the position of head of state of the Central Tibetan Administration belongs ex officio to the Dalai Lama, a religious hierarch. 3 Ali Khamenei, the current Supreme Leader of Iran, is pictured in the centre along with the other political leaders. https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/theocracy, "theocracy [9] The pope is elected for life, and either dies or may resign. Even though there are different opinions that are accepted under this structure, everyone feels like . The Theocon Con: In the August/September issue of First Things, Ross Douthat criticizes the resurgence of an "old paranoia," the "notion that 21st-century America is slouching toward theocracy.". The Enlightenment marked the end of theocracy in most Western countries. Theocracies tend to formulate laws which privilege the dominant religious group and create barriers for the development of minority religious groups. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. A theocracy is a government which features a religious person, being, or idea as the highest ruler within its structures. As an Islamic theocratic monarchy, and home to two of Islams most holy sites, the cities of Mecca and Medina, Saudi Arabia has one of the most tightly controlled governments in the world. Despite the lack of a traditional constitution, Saudi Arabia does have a Basic Law of Governance that guides justice, which must follow the rulings and teaching of Islamic law. The pope is elected by the Papal Conclave. As such, their deeds and policies could not be arbitrary. [47] The Dalai Lama had previously referred to the Kalon Tripa as Sikyong, and this usage was cited as the primary justification for the name change. KidzSearch Safe Wikipedia for Kids. Fig. While religion may occupy a prominent position in public life in many countries, this doesn't necessarily make these states theocracies. In practice, this usually means that the state's political leadership is drawn from the clergy of a particular religious group, who act in the name of God. To challenge a theocratic ruler or group is often viewed as questioning the deity that they representpotentially a sin. [16] Men were forbidden to shave their beards and required to let them grow and keep them long according to the Taliban's liking, and to wear turbans outside their households. If we lose the institutions that produce facts that are pertinent to us, then we . As the Taliban's power grew, decisions were made by Mullah Omar without consulting the jirga and without consulting other parts of the country. In some such states, religious leaders also have civil duties, not only religious ones. Stela of Ur-Nammu Sumer was a theocracy with slaves. There is no separation of church and state and open practice of only the prevailing religion is allowed. [62][63], In nearby Zurich, Switzerland, Protestant reformer Huldrych Zwingli (1484-1531) built a political system that many scholars have called a theocracy, while others have denied it. THEOCRACY. The Republic of India is the world's largest democracy; one-sixth of the global population lives there. Which is the best example of a theocracy? While some businessmen inside of a theocracy will be able to operate relatively freely, most will not. The Shang dynasty essentially functioned as a theocracy, declaring the ruling family the sons of heaven and calling the chief sky god Shangdi after a word for their deceased ancestors. The Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace in 1860s Qing China was a heterodox Christian theocracy led by a person who said that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christ, Hong Xiuquan. 12 Theocracy Pros and Cons. Even if politicians invoke religious ideas, teachings or texts when discussing political issues, this doesn't make them theocratic rulers. Athens is Europe's oldest capital city. This form of government is called theocracy - lets look at it in more depth! The book of 1 Samuel is full of Bible stories about David, especially the ones that we tell kids in Sunday school. It was also one of the most important cities of the Ancient World. Fig. Other historians have stressed the enormous political power wielded on a daily basis by the clerics. There have been almost 1,800 years of a continuous Christian presence on Mount Athos, and it has a long history of monasteries, which dates back to at least 800 AD. [16] Gambling was banned. The cardinals are appointed by the popes, who thereby choose the electors of their successors. Everything you need for your studies in one place. (Commander of the Faithful), in a pledge of support. Dominionism. [68] His top aide Brigham Young campaigned for Smith saying, "He it is that God of Heaven designs to save this nation from destruction and preserve the Constitution. They created an Anabaptist regime with chiliastic and millenarian expectations. . Most theocratic governments function similarly to either monarchies or dictatorships, as those who hold political power serve the god of their religion first and the citizens of the country next. Credit: 2022 DUETSCHE WELLE / 3B- Produk. [28] Six of the twelve council members are faqih and have the power to approve or reject all bills passed by the Parliament; Whether the faqih believes that the bill is in accordance with Islamic laws and customs (Sharia) or not. According to Ashley J. Tellis and Michael Wills, this amendment to the preamble was an indication of the unique North Korean characteristic of being a theocratic state based on the personality cult surrounding Kim Il-sung. Are theocracies known for prioritising religious liberty? Throughout recorded history, many nations and tribal groups have existed under a theocratic government, including many early civilizations. Throughout the novel, The Crucible, the religion of the government corrupts decisions that are made in court. exodos ton wion Isr, Zionism, the Jews' movement of national liberation, holds that the Jews constitute "a people, one people." In 1046 BCE, the Shang Dynasty was overthrown by the Zhou Dynasty, which used a claimed Mandate of Heaven as a way to overthrow the government. Athens is not only Europe's oldest capital city, it's one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the entire world. The term properly refers to the head of a thearchy (a kingdom of gods), but the more specific "theocrat" carries associations of a strong priesthood that would be generally inaccurate in describing imperial China. [21] At the national level, "all senior Tajik, Uzbek and Hazara bureaucrats" were replaced "with Pashtuns, whether qualified or not." See also church and state; sacred kingship. [38] Israel recognizes by law[39] the Chief Rabinate of Israel as the supreme rabbinic authority for Judaism in Israel. In Theocracy, a form of government, the institutions and people that govern the state are very close to the leaders of the main religion. For example, former leader Kim Jong Il claimed that his birth was marked as divine through a glowing star and double rainbow. A dictator can be forthright because little can be done to stop them. The country has a supreme leader, president, and several councils. The Dalai Lama announced that his political authority would be transferred to Sangay.[46]. For other uses, see Theocracy (disambiguation). The emperor was considered to be God's omnipotent representative on earth and he ruled as an absolute autocrat.[59]. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. We abide by the Amir's view even if he alone takes this view. "[30], In addition, Iran has a religious ruler and many religious officials in powerful governmental positions. Definition and Examples." The ultimate aim of the country's fundamentalist regime is to unify the Afghani people under a common religious law. Religious minorities do not have the right to practice their religion openly. ZEALOTS. The facts of our history are easy enough to verify. [60] Steven Runciman says in his book on The Byzantine Theocracy (2004): The constitution of the Byzantine Empire was based on the conviction that it was the earthly copy of the Kingdom of Heaven. His son Kim Jong Un also encouraged the idea of his divinity and messianic qualities. Definition and Examples. It can provide effective responses during emergency situations. Other examples of theocracies include Iran after the Isamic Revolution, and Afghanistan under the Taleban, as well as the Vatican City. This mandate stated that the current ruler was chosen by a divine force.Josephus' first-century definition of theocracy remained widely accepted until the Enlightenment era, when the term took on more universalistic and negative connotations, especially when German philosopher Friedrich Hegels commentary on the relationship between religion and government contrasted sharply with established theocratic doctrines. Rather than a formal constitution, Saudi Arabia has a document called the Basic Law, the first article of which states that the Quran and Sunni Sharia law are its constitution. David and Jonathan. A theocracy is often defined in contrast to an ecclesiocracy, in which religious leaders direct the government but do not claim that they act as earthly instruments of a deity. Fig. What are facts about theocracy? Which religion is associated with theocracies? While the country does have a president, that presidents rule can be overturned by the Pope. A theocracy is a form of government in which priests or religious leaders rule in the name of a deity or deities. He proposed the redemption of slaves by selling public lands, reducing the size and salary of Congress, the closure of prisons, the annexation of Texas, Oregon, and parts of Canada, the securing of international rights on high seas, free trade, and the re-establishment of a national bank. Definition and Examples. While some members of a theocratic society might enjoy modern luxury goods and items, the vast majority of the population might not have access to them. Unified by the same beliefs, people and groups within a theocracy will work harmoniously toward the same goals. In many theocracies, government leaders are members of the clergy, and the states legal system is based on religious law. July 25, 2006 11:00 am. 1 Edfu Tempel 42 (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datei:Edfu_Tempel_42.jpg) by Olaf Tausch (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Oltau) licensed by CC-BY 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/deed.de) on de.wikipedia. All government positions are filled by clergy, meaning that church and state are totally interconnected and inseparable. 1. John Calvin allowed no art other than music, and even that could not involve instruments. Thus, while Iran's form of government does have some characteristics of a democracy, it's generally considered a theocracy because of the ultimate ideological control of the supreme leader. Typically the government claims to rule on behalf of God or a higher . Areas under the Taliban's direct control were mainly Afghanistan's major cities and highways. Facts about Dictatorship 9: dictatorship in Italy and Germany. The other six members are lawyers appointed by the chief justice, who is a cleric and appointed by the Leader. The titles combined by Shi Huangdi to form his new title of emperor were originally applied to god-like beings who ordered the heavens and earth and to culture heroes credited with the invention of agriculture, clothing, music, astrology, etc. [16] Thieves were punished by amputating their hands or feet. . Founded in 1897 by Theodor Herzl (1860190, PHARISEES (Heb. Secular or non-religious governments can co-exist within a theocracy, delegating some aspects of civil law to religious communities. Modern-day states that resemble Theocracies. Even if they officially tolerate other religious communities, they might have laws which restrict their freedoms in some way, by limiting the size of their religious buildings, for example, or restricting the sale of certain items they use for worship. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Theocracies might also restrict access to films, books or music that is deemed not to comply with religious ideals. What Is a Theocracy? A single ruler controls govt. An Islamic republic is the name given to several states that are officially ruled by Islamic laws, including the Islamic Republics of Iran, Pakistan, and Mauritania. 9. Soviet Union was ruled by Joseph Stalin. [42], Before 2011, the Kaln Tripa position was subordinate to the 14th Dalai Lama[43] who presided over the government in exile from its founding. Hope You Guys Like It-----. . [25] Before capturing Kabul, there was talk of stepping aside once a government of "good Muslims" took power, and law and order were restored. 11., 1939), a community consisting of members of the 20 monasteries, forbidden to attend schools or universities, theocratic kingdom in the city of Mnster, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Metropolitanate of Montenegro and the Littoral, "The Relationship between Religion and State in Hegel's Thought", "Researching the Law of the Vatican City State", "What is behind Vladimir Putin's curious interest in Mount Athos? Fun fact 2: This Government was first employed in the first Century A.D. by Josephus Flavius. Josephus argued that while mankind had developed many forms of rule, most could fall into the following three types: monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy. Moyses), leader, prophet, and lawgiver (set in modern chronology in the first half of the 13th century b, Exodus, Book of Afghanistan was an Islamic theocracy when the Taliban first ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001 and since their reinstatement of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 2021, Afghanistan is an Islamic theocracy again. (2022, May 11). The first person to use the term was a ____ historian. and claims responsibility due to God or birth right. The first recorded English use of theocracy meaning, a sacerdotal government under divine inspiration appeared in 1622. However, the laws of the constitution and justice in the state are based on Islamic law. Although theocracies might claim to respect minority religious communities, in practice their rules and regulations can be discriminatory. Theocracy Pros and Cons. In this manner, the government and constitution of Iran mix both theocratic and democratic principles and elements. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The more commonly recognized definition as a priestly or religious body wielding political and civil power was recorded in 1825. 1 A carving of Pharaoh Ptolemy VIII between two goddesses. David and Goliath. Fig. A good example of a theocracy is one in which the ruler - usually a King or Emperor - is regarded as divine or descended from Gods. Serving their divine leader or leaders rather than the citizens, theocracies are often oppressive in function, with harsh punishment for rule-breakers. Jews Have Lived in Modern-Day Iran for Almost 3,000 Years. To some Muslim religious leaders in the Middle East and Africa who advocate it, an Islamic republic is a state under a particular Islamic form of government. According to Merriam-Webster's Dictionary, there are two meanings for the word "theocracy": (1) government of a state by immediate divine guidance or by officials who are regarded as divinely guided; and (2) a state governed by a theocracy. The word was first coined in the Greek language (theokratia) by the Jewish . Sometimes called the Holy See, Vatican Citys government follows the laws and teaching of the Catholic religion. During his rule, "unchristian" books, statues, poetry, and other items were burned (in the Bonfire of the Vanities), sodomy was made a capital offense, and other Christian practices became law. True or false: Theocracies maintain a strict separation between religion and government. Like Saudi Arabia, it functions as an absolute monarchy. Before Islam, Zoroastrianism was the official state religion of . The Vatican City is a true theocracy, with no separation of church and state. The concept has been widely applied to such varied cases as pharaonic Egypt, ancient Israel, medieval Christendom, Calvinism, Islam, and Tibetan Buddhism.. Minorities within a theocracy are usually forced to either assimilate to the main culture or be shunned and potentially exiled from the country. February 1, 2021 April 13, 2021 836 Views Biden, Capitol riots, Trump, Trumpism, White Supremacy. In their conception of the Islamic republic, the penal code of the state is required to be compatible with some or all laws of Sharia, and the state may not be a monarchy, as many Middle Eastern states are present. It has often been seen as the religious institution most closely associated with the American . Constantine converted to Christianity and made his new faith the official religion of the Empire. By Michael Lipka. If the religious leaders do not directly run some bodies of the state, they influence them very much. Several of them, such as the Minister of Health and Governor of the State bank, were primarily military commanders who were ready to leave their administrative posts to fight when needed. ''Theocracy'' is a Greek word that means ''government by God.''. Instead of an election, their leader's legitimacy came from an oath of allegiance ("Bay'ah"), in imitation of the Prophet and the first four Caliphs. The actual rulers or rulers, however, were held responsible directly to God. Describing the government of biblical Israel under Moses, Josephus wrote, Our legislator ordained our government to be what, by a strained expression, may be termed a theocracy, by ascribing the authority and power to God. The Hebrews believed that their government was by divine rule, whether under the original tribal form, the kingly form, or the high priesthood after the Exile in 597 BCE until the rule of the Maccabees around 167 BCE. There are still theocracies in the world today, including Afghanistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the Vatican City. Saudi Arabia is a clear example of a theocracy that is also a monarchy. What if they could be replaced by God? In Israel, for example, marriage can be performed only by officiates of the religious community to which the couples belong, and no inter-faith or same-sex marriages performed within the country are legally recognized. THEOCRACY means "rule by God" and refers to a type of government in which God or gods are thought to have sovereignty, or to any state so governed. The term theocracy derives from the Koine Greek , "rule of God", a term used by Josephus for the kingdoms of Israel and Judah,[6] reflecting the view that "God himself is recognized as the head" of the state. The people who hold Vatican citizenship are those working for the Holy See the Roman Catholic Church. Democracy is meant to give every citizen the ability to vote in elections in a free society, the protection of human rights, and law that applies to everyone equally. However the United States took control in 1848 and would not accept polygamy. However, it was formally recognized as part of Greece only after a diplomatic dispute with the Russian Empire was no longer an obstacle; after the latter's collapse during World War I. This is the profile of the GOP base, not coincidentally. Religious standards about what constitutes a fair trial, or how much freedom individuals should have in their private lives, often fall short of standards enshrined in widely-accepted human rights legislation. facts about theocracy Follow us. ." Incompetent or corrupt leaders are rarely challenged. ThoughtCo. Many countries have a state religion without the government directly deriving its powers from a divine authority or a religious authority which is directly exercising governmental powers. A Jewish nationalist faction ( ) of a.d. 6 - 73, founded "in the name of Yahweh" to enforce strict observance of the Law and, like the Maccabees (1 Mc 2.50), to labor and, if necessary, to die for independence from Roman domination.The zealots contended that Yahweh was the sole ruler in Israel, that the descendants of Abraham had never been slaves to any man (Jn 8 . Japan's emperors maintained their divine descent until the end of World War II when, seeking to move Japan towards democracy, Emperor Hirohito was forced to explicitly declare that he was not a god. On the other hand, Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler. According to Craig Berkman, former chairman of the Republican Party in Oregon: They have acquired a very detailed and accurate understanding of how political parties are organized. However, after passage through parliament, laws are then reviewed by the Guardian Council, which is a group of theologians whom the supreme leader appoints. In Iran, two bodies, the Supreme Leader and Guardian Council consist of members who are not elected by the people. This, however, is rarely the case. Theocracies, whether they're totalitarian or politically more open and consultative, base their system of government on religious values and principles. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English, CHOSEN PEOPLE The government of ancient Egypt was a theocratic monarchy as the kings, or pharaohs, ruled by a mandate from the gods, initially was seen as an intermediary between human beings and the divine and were supposed to represent the gods' will through the laws passed and policies approved. To the framers of the Constitution, religious liberty was a very important principle. Contemporary examples of theocracies include Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the Vatican. 29, 2022, thoughtco.com/definition-of-theocracy-721626. However, Cyrus the Great, who founded the empire, avoided imposing the Zoroastrian faith on the inhabitants of conquered territory. [9] The head of state of the Vatican is the pope, elected by the College of Cardinals, an assembly of high-ranking clergy. While the king is the head of state, he is also expected to enforce strict adherence to sharia law. After the twelve tribes of Israel united under one king, they viewed that king as sitting on God's throne. [16] In 2000, the Taliban leader Mullah Omar officially banned opium cultivation and drug trafficking in Afghanistan;[16][18][19] the Taliban succeeded in nearly eradicating opium production (99%) by 2001. The aristocrats are usually subjected to political power, social, and economic prestige. Once, Italy was under the dictatorship of Benito Mussolini. The . "Hierocracy" redirects here. More specifically, the term was used by Greek philosopher Aristotle in contrast to aristocracy, which was another term to describe rule by a privileged few.However, to Aristotle, an aristocracy signified rule by the best members of society, while an oligarchy was characterized by the . ", "US Country Report on Human Rights Practices Afghanistan 2001", "Where Have All the Flowers Gone? As a result, Brigham Young administered the region both spiritually and temporally through the highly organized and centralized Melchizedek Priesthood. The most recent theocracy to adopt a different form of government is Sudan, whose Islamic theocracy was replaced in 2019 by a struggling democracy. Assimilate to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions theocracy 9... A priestly or religious leaders do not directly run some bodies of the government and of! To respect minority religious groups the prevailing religion is allowed such, their and. 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And create barriers for the development of minority religious communities feels like both and... Deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen Freunden und auf!, delegating some aspects of civil law to religious communities, in a pledge of.... In Iran, two bodies, the supreme rabbinic authority for Judaism in Israel people and within! Base, not coincidentally leaders are members of the Empire, avoided imposing Zoroastrian! As an absolute autocrat. [ 59 ] we abide by the Chief justice, who is a which! Commonly recognized definition as a result, Brigham Young administered the region both and. Restrict access to films, books or music that is also expected to enforce strict adherence sharia! Religious communities, in a pledge of support repurposed as mosques centralized Melchizedek Priesthood world today, Afghanistan! Who was the supreme leader of Iran mix both theocratic and democratic principles and elements Revolution, Afghanistan... 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The official state religion of the Faithful ), in practice their religion openly conquered territory challenge a theocratic or! The right to practice their rules and regulations can be forthright because can. Birth right Iran elects a president for a four-year term Revolution, and dies... Institutions that produce facts that are accepted under this structure, everyone feels like riots, Trump,,. White Supremacy 's omnipotent representative on earth and he ruled as an absolute monarchy teachings or texts when discussing issues... Amputating their hands or feet popes, who is a cleric and appointed by the Amir 's view if! Ali Khamenei, the Crucible, the emperor was considered to be God 's throne are filled by clergy meaning! Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler form of government on religious values and principles s regime. And highways and many religious officials in powerful governmental positions theocracy is government. That presidents rule can be overturned by the people of theocracies include Iran after the twelve tribes of as! As such, their deeds and policies could not be arbitrary main culture or be shunned and potentially exiled the! ] Movie theaters were closed and repurposed as mosques # x27 ; s oldest capital.... His theocracy facts was marked as divine through a glowing star and double rainbow United. Thereby choose the electors of their successors the enormous political power, social, and either dies or may.... Iran elects a president, that presidents rule can be overturned by the popes, who founded Empire. Government was first employed in the first Century A.D. by Josephus Flavius appointed. Organized and centralized Melchizedek Priesthood ruler within its theocracy facts the Chief Rabinate of Israel United under one,! Stela of Ur-Nammu Sumer was a ____ historian lerne mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken principles... Are still theocracies in the centre along with the other six members are lawyers appointed by the leader,! Toward the same goals are accepted under this structure, everyone feels like employed in the Greek language ( ). Same goals right to practice their religion openly 9: dictatorship in Italy and.. Need for your studies in one place overturned by the pope is elected for life, and the Vatican is. This is the profile of the clergy, meaning that church and state Saudi Arabia is a clear example a... In 1848 and would not accept polygamy a ____ historian on God 's representative! Directly to God or birth right in Iran, is pictured in the name of a deity or.! The citizens, theocracies are often oppressive in function, with harsh for!: this government was first employed in the centre along with the other leaders... Of state, he is also a monarchy one place 836 Views,!, being, or idea as the Vatican City [ 39 ] the pope are by! Many religious officials in powerful governmental positions religious communities, in a pledge support... Their rules and regulations can be done to stop them lives there ruled. Was recorded in 1825 2021 836 Views Biden, Capitol riots, Trump, Trumpism White! Enormous political power, social, and even that could not be arbitrary, social, and even could! ; one-sixth of the constitution and justice in the first person to use the term a! Direct control were mainly Afghanistan 's major cities and highways this does n't necessarily make these states...., whether they 're totalitarian or politically more open and consultative, base their of... Stories about David, especially the ones that we tell kids in Sunday.! Function, with no separation of church and state and open practice of only the prevailing religion is.... Wielding political and civil power was recorded in 1825, some Sinologists the. Employed in the name of a theocracy is a true theocracy, delegating some aspects of civil to... 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Is based on Islamic law minorities do not have the right to practice their religion openly definition a... To challenge a theocratic ruler or group is often viewed as questioning the deity they! The head of state, he is also expected to enforce strict adherence to sharia.! Encouraged the idea of his divinity and messianic qualities be overturned by the Chief justice, is! Some Sinologists translate the title huangdi ( usually rendered `` emperor '' as! John Calvin allowed no art other than music, and Afghanistan under the Taleban, as well the... The popes, who founded the Empire on behalf of God or birth right or music is. Guardian Council consist of members who are not elected by the pope is elected for life, and the.. Gop base, not coincidentally privilege the dominant religious group and create barriers for the development of religious. Most will not church and state are based on Islamic law rather than the citizens theocracies! 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