The Stoic God is said to be the 'principle of intelligibility in the universe' (p. 11), so strictly speaking God is part of the universe, without coinciding with it; but Spinoza's God is whatever there is. 56 In other words, the mind, which depends on God, and his/her infinite attribute of thought, cannot determine its nature, because it does not cause itself, and thus, it must follow the flow of Gods immutable essence since it ultimately derived from his/her fixed essence. First published Tue Aug 21, 2007; substantive revision Fri Sep 14, 2018. In responsibility, there is no. (Read more), Whats Actually Happening with Chemtrails? And he gives us the historical context of Dutch Golden Age politics and culture, which usually allowed the tolerant cosmopolitanism of its merchant class to prevail over clerical indignation. Our motto is: Don't quote it if you can't source it. Therefore, due to God being the only being that is continually active and limitless, it follows that nothing can compel or cause him/her to defy his/her nature since nothing is of the same kind as him/her. Stop going to those dark, cold temples that you built yourself and say they are my house! New York: Simon and Schuster, 1967. in Philosophy from Hunter College/CUNY. What did you learn?. WebSpinoza argues for the existence of God through its perfection. His masterwork, Ethics (published posthumously in 1677), is a bold Stop reading alleged sacred scriptures that have nothing to do with me. From this, Spinoza claims that many bodies together form more complex bodies, which include those of humans, and those individual bodies composing more intricate bodies unite in such a way that they too retain the effects of what affects them. His argument could be used against the idea of evil as emanated from God, as perfection preserves Gods existence in absolute positivity, while evil is negativity. That is, if God were not a corporeal substance, there would be no room for his/her modes to come to be, which is an impossibility since the reality of Nature necessarily provides space for his/her modes to exist. Part 4/8, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Dr.-David-Martin-MURDER-CHARGES-Against-Fauci-Peter-Daszak-Ralph-Baric-and-many-others.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/LEAKED-22Project-Pandora22-Multiple-Presidents-KILLED-to-Keep-this-HIDDEN.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Cities-across-Canada-join-the-movement-1.mp4, https://goldenageofgaia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/telegram-cloud-document-1-4915997293301204030-1-1.mp4. In the Ethics though, Spinoza does away with the talk of propria and does not accord them really any status as such. 69 That is, as extended modes of God, it is innate of bodies to strive to continue to exist since they derive from his/her active physicality. I dont want you to believe in me. God is the one and only genuine substance around. Remarkable Last Words (or Near-Last Words). 25 Spinoza makes this claim because God as an eternal and infinite being necessarily has attributes of the same nature, due to only things of the same kind being compatible. (Archangel Michael: Do not Get Caught in the Drama of White Hats or Black Hats, Nov. 12, 2019; Im neither qualified to be a spiritual teacher nor do I wish to be one. This is the God or nature of Spinoza: God would have I do not think it necessary for salvation to know Christ according to the flesh : but with regard 32 Consequently, because God is that one infinite substance, and because that makes modes necessarily finite, it follows that there are limits to their existences, and thus, one may claim that that also makes them determinate. 64 Consequently, because God, as an infinitely extended being, does not match any other body in him/her, it follows that he/she cannot alter when they undergo change. Shelley channeled him in his own arguments for atheism, George Eliot translated him, Hegel and Marx admired him, and he was one of Nietzsches favorite philosophers. In the attenuated and metaphorical sense that God can be said to love, God loves every single creation equally, i.e. 17. Of course, you may still wonder if his deterministic nature, which has no room for free will, just exchanges one form of bondage for another. Main Office: PSY0220, 4000 Central Florida Blvd. To him, God would have said: Stop praying and Lastly, by maintaining that God is perfect and that the existence of sadness derives from ignorance, and not him/her, this essay hoped to argue effectively that Gods perfection is still justifiable, despite the realities of sadness. I give you my divine authority to do so. If I made you I filled you with passions, limitations, pleasures, feelings, needs, inconsistencies free will. Baruch De Spinoza was a Dutch philosopher considered one of the three great rationalist in the century of philosophy, along with French Descartes. 58 Consequently, Spinoza ultimately denies that the mind can possess various attributes, but rather it features active abilities to conceive ideas and passive powers to take them in. 81 Lastly, Spinoza continues his metaphysical speculations by addressing how it is that the mind and body work together in a coherent fashion. WebBENEDICT SPINOZA. Abstract. 87 Furthermore, though people cannot understand affects as arising from themselves alone, it nevertheless follows that they still follow the order and connection of ideas, and thus, the order and connection of things. Hence, since God is the only eternally active being, it follows that only he/she possesses the reliability to ensure the continuity of the unceasing activity found in the natural order. 83 That is, the mind and body are coherent, since they ultimately derive from one unified substance, and since that one unified substance immanently causes all things, or is innately in them, it follows that the mind would reduce to the body and the body to the mind if they existed through the right attributes. What he is isnt so clear. Hence, when sadness ceases to affect a person, Spinoza claims that individual is living by reason, or an intellectual love of God, or Nature, whose ceaselessly active nature can only be the greatest asset for anyones survival. In other words, due to God having to be ceaselessly active to ensure the continuity of the natural order, it is the case that he/she cannot fall into a lesser state of activity or sadness, and thus, his/her essence cannot operate against or take away from anyones being. On the last day of his life, before his death at the age of 44 Finally, Spinoza continues to describe the nature of affects and how they all ultimately boil down to varying types of desires, joys, or sorrows. Dynamic times and rampant internet censorship brought me to create a new outlet for the unending flow of information. University of Central Florida The rabbi cabled him in 1929 to ask him if he believed in God. Oxford University Press, 256 pp., $35. 101 That is, God, who is an eternally active being, who is equivalent to Nature, cannot feel sadness since he/she is necessarily flawless. Spinoza, on the other hand, starts from the WebSpinoza was born into a community of Portuguese Jews in Amsterdam who had fled the Inquisition. What kind of egomaniac God do you think I am? Moreover, because God is the only cause of himself/herself, he/she is distinct in nature, and thus, by nothing being of the same category of existence as him/her, there is no way that anything can cause God to change, or deviate from his/her nature. Especially of interest to those new to these subjects. That is, only when God is thought of as a thinking thing, can he be said to be omniscient. 63 That is, bodies, like other surfaces, reflect what impacts them, and the remnants of those effects continues on, both in Nature and on those bodies impacted. WebSpinozas idea of God as infinite and lacking nothing, meant that he viewed God as a substance with infinite attributes. Contrastingly, those desires that impede one from living to his/her best abilities as particular expressions of God, Spinoza calls evil. 57, From this, people may also make the claim that their minds are singular wholes, and do not have various attributes, but rather various abilities that limitedly reflect God. 38 Finally, because modes are neither infinite nor free, they necessarily reside in and follow after God, or the one infinite and uncompelled substance. One consequence is that everything that happens in nature, and everything that natures lawful order dishes out to us personally, is necessarythe way the conclusion of a logical or mathematical demonstration is necessary. Sex is a gift I have given you and with which you can express your love, your ecstasy, your joy. In other words, because God is ontologically distinct, and since nothing, including bodies can, exists outside of him/her, it is the case that he/she is not subject to the conditions of their natures. Spinoza seems to have feared nothing and regretted nothing, and he lived a life of quiet, exemplary virtue. That is, Spinoza believes that through the application of reason, people can gain knowledge, and by doing so, inadequate ideas cease to influence them, and thus, emotions such as sadness can no longer affect them. Consequently, because bodies come to be through the same attribute of God, are, in fact, compatible, it follows that they are subject to the effects of other bodies in many ways, specifically in how they have abilities to overpower one another by causing one another to move or come to a halt. Russell, Bertrand. To Spinoza, God is the only substance who causes himself/herself, and because that makes him/her unique in nature, it follows that all other things derive from external causes. I do not believe anyone has reached such perfection, surpassing all others, except Christ, to whom God immediately revealed without words or visions the conditions which lead to salvation. 88 That is, though people have inadequate knowledge of external affects it follows that they are still ideas and thus they can determine people to think and physically act in certain ways. 107 Furthermore, since Gods essence only affirms existence, and since sadness is a lesser state of existence, it follows that he/she is incapable of causing people to feel saddened. Furthermore, if God were able to pass from differing degrees of reality, it would necessarily disrupt his/her nature. 16321677 . http://www.lensatov.com/, * On the Importance of the Universal Laws. Moreover, if one looks more closely at the Stoic conception of God, it is by no means evident that it is the same as Spinoza's. I want you to sing, have fun and enjoy everything Ive made for you. 59. [emailprotected], Florida Philosophical Review Spinoza said that God can be seen in the laws of nature, doubted the immortality of the soul, argued against faith, and denied the existence of angels. 52 Spinoza claims that the mind ultimately derives from God, by way of his/her attribute of thought, and innately expresses that attribute. As understood by Spinoza, the real cause of sadness is ignorance or peoples lack of understanding the causes that have led them to feel sorrow. 5. Whatsoever is, is in God, and without God nothing can be, or be conceived. This reconsideration by Steven Nadler is the first in a series on philosophers who have particular, if sometimes unacknowledged, significance for humanists. 102 Consequently, because God is constantly perfect, it follows that he/she cannot feel sorrow because that would mean that he/she can slip into a lesser degree of reality, or perfection, which is impossible. Next, there was an analysis of Spinozas understanding of the mind and body and how this ties into his theory of the affects or those external ideas that can act upon, and sway people to live in ways that are either conducive or detrimental to how they understand themselves. While he was at it he also demolished the Bibles claim to be the word of God, seizing on its inconsistencies and anachronisms, reduced religion to the simple moral imperative to love our neighbor (the rest being merely organized superstition), and called for a maximum freedom of thought and an end to all ecclesiastical authority over society. Spinozas Metaphysics: Substance and Thought. WebSpinoza is often put forward as the father of pantheism and as the greatest pantheist, but in fact his writings on God are extremely abstract and theoretical, very unappealing to a modern scientific viewpoint. Oppression is something that one group of people commits against another group specifically because of a threatening characteristic shared by the latter group. Hence God must also exist in dimensions far beyond those of the visible world. Moreover, God cannot be the cause of sadness since he/she cannot return any feelings that people project onto him/her, and thus, by being free of emotion, it would be illogical to claim that he/she can cause anyone pain. What kind of god would do that? And if there is, rest assured that I wont ask if you behaved right or wrong, Ill ask. Furthermore, inadequate ideas necessarily reside in God, like all other things, but they do not directly derive from him/her since those ideas are passive whereas he/she is immutably active. 10 Hence, because God cannot cease to be, due to everythings existence being dependent on him/her, it follows that he/she perfectly ensures the continuity of existence, since he/she is the only being that people can understand as having to be ceaselessly active. Do not get caught in the drama of white hats or black hats, or good guys or bad guys. 22 Spinoza believes that this cannot be so since the continuity of existence can only rely on a being who is eternally active, and thus, all that was, is and will be, cannot fall into nothingness due to God necessarily being that eternally active entity. Live as if there is not. In other words, if finite substances did compose God, that would mean that he/she would be finite too, but this cannot be the case since finite things do not have the power to affect something that is infinite. You are bringing to light what needs to be revealed so it doesnt destroy the fiber of your society. Moreover, God possesses the attribute of extension, since as Nature, he/she is physically infinite, and since all attributes are infinite, it follows that only a being of equal magnitude can possess the attribute of extension. His view of God was not the conventional, personal Judeo Spinoza makes this claim since everything necessarily exists in God, and since nothing is outside of him/her, it follows that thinking things exists in him/her too. A life of quiet, exemplary virtue ultimately derives from God, and he lived a life of,... Any spinoza god would have said as such hats or black hats, or be conceived group! 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