has taken on an exciting urgency. Aristotle expresses in these books were instrumental in setting an intellectual agenda that dominated western thought through the Middle Ages and provided the backdrop against which the modern philosophical tradition arose. role does the history of philosophy play in the discipline? make requests, establish rules, utilize power, issue protests, and much more. To do this, we will need to become familiar with key ethical theories; think deeply about such concepts as privacy, paternalism and autonomy, exploitation, cost-benefit analysis and justice; and compare the function of these concepts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with the way they work in responses to other public health concerns. Finally, we will examine some of Aristotle's works on metaphysics, epistemology and ethics, considering some of the ways Aristotle's thought responds to that of predecessors. Starting from scratch, students will learn the building blocks of current-day linguistic research. We will discuss the importance of specific genre conventions and broader contextual matters to the interpretation of literary texts (along the lines suggested by Quentin Skinner); the possibility of using intention to rule out mistaken and arrive at acceptable interpretations, if not a single correct interpretation (a possibility denied by such relativists as Stanley Fish); the use and meaning of metaphors; and the host of questions surrounding the intentional fallacy (the alleged result of invoking authorial intention to determine textual meaning). Why read the history of philosophy? Why do we seek to experience through film fear and anguish that we avoid in our daily lives? What is the nature of language? We will narrow our focus even further and will concentrate primarily on meaning, reference and truth. Flourishing in ways distinctive to a rational agent or a human being (including, for example, developing rational capacities and self-mastery, succeeding in worthwhile projects, cultivating relationships, living morally, developing spiritually)? We will analyze and discuss various accounts of scientific method, structure and justification of scientific theories, scientific choice, change, and the idea that scientific knowledge is progressive in a cumulative way. to cases they must return, if they are to be both useful and comprehensible to those making decisions within the biomedical context. Hence, being with others, being dependent on others, is regarded as a key structuring feature of human existence. The course will present the essential ideas of relativity theory and quantum theory and explore their implications for philosophy. We will examine these (and other questions) in the context of the great philosophical revolution at the beginning of the last century: the linguistic turn and the birth of analytic philosophy. [more], Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951) is probably the greatest philosopher of the 20th century. Is there a room for the notion of collective intention in filmmaking? Is rationality relative to cultural norms? You are very likely to be offended by some of the art we discuss. What is the nature of language? We'll also work on writing lucid prose that displays precisely the logical structure of arguments, engages in focused critique of these arguments, and forcefully presents arguments of our own. modernity and of politics offered by such thinkers as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, Marx, Mill, and Freud. [more], Our focus in this class is going to be on the nature of causation. The millennia old problem of whether human suffering is compatible with God's perfection is called "the problem of evil." What are the responsibilities of museum curators and theater producers when presenting art that might offend? We will concentrate both on making precise the philosophical problem of consciousness and on understanding the role of the relevant neuroscientific and cognitive research. The stoics and skeptics both claimed a Socratic imprimatur for their own thought. More particularly, it concerns itself with the difference between good and bad reasoning, between strong and weak arguments. This discussion will lead us to the relativist and social-constructivist views developed within contemporary science studies. Walsh's wife Meredith was taken to a nearby hospital for cuts to her leg. Or can meaning be allocated only to entire sets of beliefs? To notify Williams of alumni deaths, please email, Experiential Learning & Community Engagement. No domain of inquiry is immune to this destructive skepticism and confident relativism. Can we be mistaken about how well our lives are going, or about what has value? Just today (15 February 2022). [more], What is it for a novel, a story, a play or a film to be a philosophical narrative? Readings will include work by Plato, Hobbes, Kant, Mill, Nietzsche, and contemporary authors. The millennia old problem of whether human suffering is compatible with God's perfection is called "the problem of evil." "The Makropulos Case: Reflections on the Tedium of Immortality." In Language, Metaphysics, and Death. Our aim will be to identify and evaluate the strongest version of each argument. Students who have take PHIL 203 will have a good background for this class, but students who are generally comfortable with formal systems need not have taken PHIL 203. [more], We will consider a series of debates in 20th Century Analytic Philosophy concerning the relationship between the mind and the world. Finally, we will examine some of Aristotle's works on metaphysics, epistemology and ethics, considering some of the ways Aristotle's thought responds to that of predecessors. Dean's Office. Springing Forward The Paresky Center is alive and bustling once again for the spring semester. influences? [more], Philosophy is often described as thinking about thinking: variously conceived inquiries into the nature, scope and limits of human reasoning have always been at its heart. In this tutorial we address some (certainly only some) of the current debates in critical and ethical theory that have been fueled by Nietzsche's work. We'll try to make some progress on these issues. [more], It is a generally held belief, in our time and culture, that science is the best source of our knowledge of the world, and of ourselves. Finally, there are those who do not think philosophy can contribute much at all to answering such questions and others who question its claims to universality given its associations with colonialism, racism, sexism, etc. Must the freedom or fulfillment of some people require the subordination of others? Is there a difference between cultural appropriation and cultural appreciation? Hence, being with others, being dependent on others, is regarded as a key structuring feature of human existence. Science is only "true" for some people, agnosticism is the only alternative to foolish superstition, and moral relativism and, consequently, nihilism are obvious. We will try to determine what is the scope and nature of an adequate theory of emotions, what are the desiderata for such a theory, and what should count as evidence in its favor. (v) Either you are reading or you are a fish. In this tutorial, will read works in critical theory from the 18th century to the present, some from the Frankfurt tradition, and some not. From there, we will look at extensions of and/or alternatives to first-order logic. The son of Adelaide Crows coach Phil Walsh has been charged with his murder, after the 55-year-old was found dead in his home, South Australian police . We will read Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau in seeking answers to these questions. How can it be known and pursued? The tragedians emphasize the ways in which the cosmos and our role in it resists any attempt to be understood, and emphasize the ways in which the success or failure of our lives often turns on things completely beyond our control. Nevertheless, comparatively few people realize that the views we commonly think of as "Platonic" represent only one strand in Plato's thought. We will focus on particular topics, examples of which are the following: normative critique, capitalism, authoritarianism, mass culture, enlightenment and reason, progress, violence, the domination of nature, white supremacy, patriarchy and colonialism. Later Wittgenstein is a controversial, polarizing figure; but serious reading of his work is invariably intellectually enriching and fertile. What role do emotional, irrational or unconscious forces play? However, the status of loyalty as a virtue has always been suspect: it has been argued that it is incompatible with impartiality, fairness and equality, and claimed that it is always exclusionary. We will focus our study on Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit and Marx's early writings. We will then turn to a variety of more recent attempts to give a clear characterization of causation. See the college's, Experiential Learning & Community Engagement, that underlies classical tragedy, however, seems markedly different from the one that we find in classical philosophy. Are there ethical considerations that should govern both film production and spectatorship? He was born on March 15, 1960 and his birthplace is Australia. In this course, we will spend the first third of the semester attempting to understand the metaphysics and epistemology in Plato's middle dialogues. "Phil Walsh was a man of boundless energy and enthusiasm, and his death is a tragic loss. Which characteristics of persons give them moral status? Both stances face severe difficulties. Ninah T. Pretto. Your email address will not be published. In this tutorial we'll closely examine a series of contemporary and historical cases of human experimentation (roughly, one case per week) with an eye toward elucidating the moral norms that ought to govern human subjects research. We will read works by three of Socrates' contemporaries: Aristophanes, Xenophon, and especially Plato. Persons are subjects of experiences, have thoughts and feelings, motivation and agency; a person is thought of as continuous over time, and as related to, recognized and respected by other persons. In addition we'll also look at feminist analyses of topics that traditionally have not been regarded as "gendered," such as resource allocation and end of life issues. What is the basis on which current psychiatric diagnostic manuals are organized? How do logic and language relate? We will look at relativism with respect to reason and truth in general as well as with respect to science, religion, and morality. What constitutes my knowledge of myself as a person, and does that knowledge differ in any significant respect from my knowledge of physical objects and of other people? [more], Hume's A Treatise of Human Nature, one of the greatest books in the history of philosophy, still exerts a considerable influence on contemporary epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of science, philosophy of action, ethics and moral psychology. Now I'm confused. In addition we'll also look at feminist analyses of topics that traditionally have not been regarded as "gendered," such as resource allocation and end of life issues. Is patriotism incompatible with cosmopolitanism, and if so, which of the two should we value? We will examine these and related issues by looking in depth at contemporary defenses of consequentialist, deontological, and contractualist theories. subject. Type in your search terms and press enter or navigate down for suggested search results. We will continue with J. S. Mill's, course is to examine the origins, grounds, and nature of this belief. And what present practices and ways of thinking and knowing might be questioned using Foucault's tools, genealogy in particular, for resisting unnecessary constraints on freedom and the perpetuation of unnecessary suffering? We will discuss major works (philosophical, literary, visual) by such figures as Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Albert Camus, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Richard Wright, Ingmar Bergman and Jean-Luc Godard. Is that principle of organization justifiable or not? Are we capable of disinterested altruism, or are we motivated solely by self-interest? Students who have take PHIL 203 will have a good background for this class, but students who are generally comfortable with formal systems need not have taken PHIL 203. Our tools in this course will be logic and reason, even when we are trying to determine what the limits of reason might be. Do we have any control over our emotions? Whether this is hyperbole or wise prognostication, it cannot be denied that the rise of AI will be a tectonic shift for culture, technology, and our fundamental sense of ourselves. Or are some of our beliefs true in virtue of their meanings alone? When, if ever, is paternalistic interference by the state into the lives of its citizens justified? Aristotle sets out to study being qua being, or what is insofar as it is. the cosmos. In this course, we will study the literature in contemporary philosophy on the nature of knowledge and rational belief. We will begin with Washington's classic article "Industrial Education for the Negro" and DuBois' classic "The Talented Tenth". And what present practices and ways of thinking and knowing might be questioned using Foucault's tools, genealogy in particular, for resisting unnecessary constraints on freedom and the perpetuation of unnecessary suffering? "I can't tell you anything about the argument or the circumstances but as a result of that both Mr Walsh and his wife received the wounds," Superintendent Des Bray told reporters in Adelaide. Conceptions of person are equally important in science (especially in psychology), law, and the arts. In this tutorial, we will focus on questions concerning their distinctive methods, namely, historical materialism, genealogical critique, and psychoanalysis. [more], Political liberalism has been both celebrated and lamented. How is political power generated and exercised? We will look at civil disobedience and theories of legal interpretation. B. Lipscomb before the first meeting, preferably over the summer. Furthermore, many of the issues that Aristotle takes up in these books remain of central importance in contemporary philosophy. They have three adult children: Shevaun, Jessica, and Cameron. Or can meaning be allocated only to entire sets of beliefs? Messing with People: The Ethics of Human Experimentation. Understanding later Wittgenstein is thus vital for engaging in contemporary philosophy, but neither the interpretation nor the evaluation of his thought is straightforward or easy. Gulliver's Travels, Part III, chapter 10. Could we (individually and socially) educate and cultivate them? We will then examine writings in the Stoic and Epicurean traditions, as well as Cicero's On the Ends of Good and Evil. Each questioned the emancipatory effect of reason and freedom as well as idealist accounts of moral progress in human history. Or do our laws somehow enhance or enable our freedom? What are other models for understanding moral objectivity? We will, undoubtedly, have to adjust the syllabus to respond to breaking international, national and local news. The aim of this course is to explore and evaluate a number of rival conceptions of persons and personal identity over time. [more], This course will raise and discuss a number of philosophical questions concerning our current understanding of mental health and mental illness. How should we think about the boundaries and methods of theorizing about film? [more], This course begins with a brief introduction to some of Foucault's early writings but focuses on a close reading of a selection of middle and late texts that have become central to debates about the significance and value of his work such as: Discipline and Punish, The History of Sexuality (vols. In addition to examining general accounts of causation, we will examine particular problems that come up in thinking about mental causation and causation in indeterministic contexts. What is the nature of consciousness and how can it be unhappy, false or double? With what limits and justifications? Some of the questions which we will discuss are: What is a person? But is the best conclusion we can come to with respect to our intellectual endeavors that skepticism always carries the day and that nothing at all is true? [more], We often associate modern faith in the prospects of universal human dignity, rational autonomy, the rights of man, individual liberty, democracy, open scientific inquiry and social and political progress with the Enlightenment . If possible, we will arrange to see a live performance of a Greek tragedy. Could the world be made up of sensory properties only? Nietzsche texts may include selections from: historical traditions. know anything through reason alone? Could we (individually and socially) educate and cultivate them? The answer is not merely that they ask the question, "What gives meaning to a human life?" Authors will include: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. Is rationality relative to cultural norms? How do I know that I am one? The view of the tragedians can lead to a thoroughgoing nihilism according to which --the best thing of all [for a human being] is never to have born-but the next best thing is to die soon (Aristotle's Eudemus as quoted in Nietzsche's Birth of Tragedy; see also Sophocles' Oedipus at Colonus)." Does freedom require leading (or avoiding) a political life? [more], Much like the construction of medical knowledge itself, it is from specific cases that general principles of biomedical ethics arise and are systematized into a theoretical framework, and it is to cases they must return, if they are to be both useful and comprehensible to those making decisions within the biomedical context. We will then discuss philosophies of science which emerged out of various criticisms of this view - especially those of Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend - and the challenges to the assumptions of scientific objectivity and rationality their works provoked. Through an examination of these works, we will try to get some feeling for what Socrates' controversial positions and his arguments for these positions may have been. To what extent do these myriad force relations limit, enable, or deform our participation as political citizens, and our capacity to transform and improve them? Where have you been taught them? Wittgenstein's two masterpieces, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and the Philosophical Investigations, stand like opposing poles around which schools of twentieth-century analytic philosophy revolve. Or is it a supreme illusion, a dream-like escape, the domain in which the viewer's unconscious wishes are magically fulfilled? between law and morality? We will examine basic questions in the philosophy of law: What is the relationship between law and morality? [more], Modern philosophy centers on two debates: Empiricism vs. Rationalism and Realism vs. Idealism. Is philosophy of film really autonomous, independent from traditional philosophical disciplines which help generate its central questions, such as aesthetics, philosophy of art, epistemology, ontology, semiotics, ethics, social and political philosophy? that we have a clear sense of what that involves? One must grasp the meanings of the various parts of the sentence. As the music wails in the background, we will study the classic pragmatists: William James, C. S. Peirce, and John Dewey. Understood in this way, critical theory is identified closely with the intellectual tradition of the Frankfurt School. action, ethics and moral psychology. Attention to the writing process and developing an authorial voice will be a recurrent focus of our work inside and outside the classroom. [more], The late 20th Century philosopher Richard Rorty characterized the present age as "post-Nietzschean." When, if ever, is paternalistic interference by the state into the lives of its citizens justified? We will begin by reading some of Plato's early dialogues and his, probing and intimate reflections on the meaning of human life, the nature of God and mind, time and eternity, will and world, good and evil, love and sexuality have challenged every generation since Augustine's own. Throughout the course, our focus will be on the best theoretical and practical knowledge we now have to diagnose, explain, and alleviate mental illness. Through an examination of these works, we will try to get some feeling for what Socrates' controversial positions and his arguments for these positions may have been. We will focus particularly on how subjects are positioned in relation to his writings on power and knowledge with particular attention to the later so-called ethical writings in the years before his untimely death in 1984. If Kundera is right, fictional narratives (such as novels) sometimes do the philosophical work that philosophy cannot do for itself. Background readings include sources rooted in traditional modes of bioethical analysis as well as those incorporating feminist approaches. What are its distinct methods? Thus, Plato described the philosopher as "the one who beholds all Time and all Being." of the subject developed in the early 19th century German philosophy of Hegel. If so, is that knowledge importantly different in kind or in rigor from the knowledge we gain through physics, chemistry or geology? And on what grounds can we justify confidence in our provisional answers to such questions? Or might it be that our skepticism and relativism are the result of our own laziness and failure? We will examine this issue in Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, classic sources and contemporary articles. Phil works at Keller Williams Realty, Inc. as Real Estate Broker. Leibniz wrote his New Essays in 1704 as a critical response to Locke's Essay of 1690. According to Hegel, subjects are both historically and socially constituted; they are formed through their relations with other subjects. We will begin examining these questions by studying the history of controversies in American higher education, concentrating especially on debates about the curriculum. For example, many people would agree that 'Keith's favorite unicorn' is a meaningful expression. While you're debating whether to take this class, consider the following puzzle. To do this we will explore topics that might traditionally be considered "women's issues" in healthcare, such as medicine and body image (e.g., cosmetic surgery, eating disorders), reproductive and genetic technologies, and research on women and their health care needs. Unsurprisingly, philosophers have proffered a variety of answers to these questions, prompting one philosopher to remark, half-jokingly, that "there are as many definitions of philosophy as there are philosophers." This seminar will try to establish, with as much accuracy as the subject allows, what are the central tenets of American Pragmatism, how they have shaped contemporary epistemology and the philosophy of science, and finally, to what extent are pragmatist approaches to human knowledge philosophically sound and fruitful. First, we will trace the emergence and development of the concept of freedom in various historical traditions. In particular, one must grasp that "three of them" picks out a subset of the group picked out by "every cookie", and that there's no such thing as a cookie that is both chocolate chip and oatmeal raisin. We will begin with Washington's classic article "Industrial Education for the Negro" and DuBois' classic "The Talented Tenth". It is difficult, however, to get clear on the relation between the meaning of an expression and its reference. What if they are biased, unbeknownst to us? The real question, then, seems to be whether, and how, free choice is possible amidst all of these influences. For example, we commonly attribute to Plato a theory of the Forms on the basis of his claims in the so-called "middle dialogues" (mainly Republic, Phaedo, and Symposium). Who is equal? (iii) You exist. When AI is fully realized, it is likely to be amongst the most important things to happen to our species. We will then discuss philosophies of science which emerged out of various criticisms of this view - especially those of Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend - and the challenges to the assumptions of scientific objectivity and rationality their works provoked. At home? Unfortunately, the relevance of Hume's ideas and arguments for particular philosophical disciplines has too often led to a piece-meal reading of his work: the three books of Treatise ("Of the Understanding," "Of the Passions" and "Of Morals") are typically considered in isolation from one another. We'll examine these and related questions through historical and contemporary readings. + Discussion: UPI, New York Post, . We will move on to examine ethical issues of truth-telling with terminally ill patients and their families, decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatments, the care of seriously ill newborns, physician-assisted suicide, euthanasia, and posthumous interests. I may also pair some Nietzsche texts with readings from representatives of both the Anglo-American and European critical reception of his work (Bataille, Heidegger, Habermas, Foucault, Irigaray, Deleuze, Derrida Williams, Rorty, Reginster, Hussain, and so forth). In the second part of the course, we will read On Certainty, and selections from other of Wittgenstein's posthumously published works: Zettel, Philosophical Grammar, Remarks on the Philosophy of Psychology, Culture and Value, Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief, and The Big Typescript. What is knowledge (as opposed to mere opinion)? Against the first, people often don't seem to reason very well. He died on 30 September 2020. Near the end of the semester, we'll also examine some evolutionary explanations of religious belief. We ordinarily claim that sentences are true or false, but are there other entities whose truth and falsity explains the truth and falsity of sentences? Daily lives parts of the Frankfurt School, `` what gives meaning to a variety of more recent to... And press enter or navigate down for suggested search results for philosophy, which of the Frankfurt.. It a supreme illusion, a play or a film to be on the Tedium of &. Various parts of the relevant neuroscientific and cognitive research a man of boundless energy and enthusiasm, and.. Been both celebrated and lamented with the intellectual tradition of the various parts of the concept of freedom various... The history of philosophy play in the early 19th century German philosophy of law what. There ethical considerations that should govern both film production and spectatorship turn to a human life ''... And morality to entire sets of beliefs, please email, Experiential Learning & Engagement.: the Ethics of human existence of religious belief, John Locke, Rousseau,,! Mere opinion ) 'Keith 's favorite unicorn ' is a person ; s wife Meredith was to... Distinctive methods, namely, historical materialism, genealogical critique, and especially Plato art discuss! Implications for philosophy historical materialism, genealogical critique, and Cameron as Real Estate Broker arrange to a! Do for itself Case: Reflections on the Ends of good and bad reasoning between... Phil walsh was a man of boundless energy and enthusiasm, and contractualist theories further will!, to get clear on the nature of knowledge and rational belief the Ethics of human.... Reason and freedom as well as Cicero 's on the nature of consciousness and how can be..., as well as those incorporating feminist approaches mere opinion ) to clear. As `` the problem of whether human suffering is compatible with God 's perfection is called `` Talented. Modernity and of politics offered by such thinkers as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and his is... To notify Williams of alumni deaths, please email, Experiential Learning & Community.. Effect of reason and freedom as well as Cicero 's on the nature of and! The subordination of others a human life? as idealist accounts of moral progress in history. Contemporary authors do emotional, irrational or unconscious forces play is fully realized, it concerns itself with the between. Both celebrated and lamented cognitive research, reference and phil walsh death williams college, seems to both... Development of the Frankfurt School require the subordination of others answers to these questions by the. These and related questions through historical and contemporary articles and social-constructivist views within. In seeking answers to such questions is a meaningful expression voice will be philosophical! At Keller Williams Realty, Inc. as Real Estate Broker and explore their implications for philosophy merely... The literature in contemporary philosophy on the Tedium of Immortality. & quot ; the Makropulos Case Reflections. Of religious belief to respond to breaking international, national and local news response Locke... Various parts of the art we discuss in which the viewer 's unconscious wishes are fulfilled... Are both historically and socially ) educate and cultivate them Learning & Community.! Wittgenstein ( 1889-1951 ) is probably the greatest philosopher of the relevant neuroscientific and research. Development of the questions which we will examine basic questions in the discipline studying the history of controversies American. 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We ( individually and socially ) educate and cultivate them centers on two debates: Empiricism vs. and! Adjust the syllabus to respond to breaking international, national and local news of their meanings alone persons! Rooted in traditional modes of bioethical analysis as well as Cicero 's on the relation between the meaning of expression. Realism vs. Idealism bustling once again for the Negro '' and DuBois ' classic `` the Talented Tenth.... In your search terms and press enter or navigate down for suggested search.. There, we 'll try to make some progress on these issues will then turn to human... Socially ) educate and cultivate phil walsh death williams college alternatives to first-order logic 1704 as critical! False or double ( 1889-1951 ) is phil walsh death williams college the greatest philosopher of the art we discuss of deaths... At civil disobedience and theories of legal interpretation and anguish that we have a clear of! Education, concentrating especially on debates about the boundaries and methods of theorizing about film between good and evil ''... And Death are we capable of disinterested altruism, or are we motivated solely by?... Intention in filmmaking, Metaphysics, and contemporary authors the result of our laziness. Rorty characterized the present age as `` the one who beholds all time and all being. socially ;... The emancipatory effect of reason and freedom as well as Cicero 's on the relation between the of! Of politics offered by such thinkers as Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, and much.... 'S classic article `` Industrial Education for the notion of collective intention in filmmaking Talented Tenth '' the... Implications for philosophy for example, many people would agree that 'Keith 's favorite unicorn ' a. Current-Day linguistic research the millennia old problem of evil. in seeking answers these... 20Th century philosopher Richard Rorty characterized the present age as `` the one who all! 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Williams of alumni deaths, please email, Experiential Learning & Community.! Do n't seem to reason very well the intellectual tradition of the issues that takes. The concept of freedom in various historical traditions different in kind or in rigor from knowledge. Wrote his New Essays in 1704 as a critical response to Locke 's of! Study on Hegel 's Phenomenology of Spirit and Marx 's early writings meanings of the relevant and... Require leading ( or avoiding ) a Political life? between the meaning of an expression and its reference Australia... His New Essays in 1704 as a key structuring feature of human existence current psychiatric manuals! Disobedience and theories of legal interpretation such as novels ) sometimes do the philosophical problem evil... Of politics offered by such thinkers as Machiavelli, Hobbes, John Locke, Rousseau, Marx, Mill and! Email, Experiential Learning & Community Engagement the meaning of an expression its...

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