Municipal police arrested eight women and one man, later releasing all detainees. Under the labor reform, to negotiate a collective bargaining agreement, the union must first obtain a certificate of representativeness from the Federal Center demonstrating it has support from at least 30 percent of workers to be covered by the agreement. NGOs reported authorities had not implemented programs for community integration. While penalties for conviction of forced labor were commensurate with those for similar crimes, very few cases were successfully prosecuted. The country may be the top destination for U.S. travelers, but violent crime is soaring, leaving travelers questioning whether Mexico is safe to visit. Under past governments, charging the military with these tasks has contributed to serious cover-ups of human rights abuses. Between January and August the CNDH recorded 123 complaints of arbitrary detention. In March police officers broke the neck of Salvadoran refugee Victoria Salazar. The court found that absolute criminalization of abortion is unconstitutional and that women should not be criminally prosecuted for undergoing the procedure. Five states have laws that restrict the publishing of political caricatures or memes. These laws were seldom applied. In April 2021, pro-government legislators passed a law extending the terms of the Supreme Court Chief Justice and members of the Federal Judiciary Council, which controls hiring and firing of judges. Their ebb and flow largely reflect choices and tit-for-tat responses by criminal groups toward one another. The threat against journalists by organized crime was particularly high in the state of Guerrero. It may exercise its power to call before the Senate government authorities who refuse to accept or enforce its recommendations. Ramos had been searching for her missing husband for the previous seven months as a member of two search collectives. Federal law provides citizens the ability to choose their government through free and fair periodic elections held by secret ballot and based on universal and equal suffrage. Nonetheless, NGOs and media reported on sexual exploitation of minors, as well as child sex tourism in resort towns and northern border areas. Subcontracting is allowed if it is used to perform specialized services unrelated to the main economic activity of businesses or public institutions. Following the introduction of the accusatorial justice system, however, there was a significant reduction in the number of persons detained in this manner, falling from more than 1,900 in 2011 to 21 in 2018. Seeing them with arms and trucks gives people confidence. Well, it didnt to the local people with whom I had a chance to speak. InSight Crime's GameChangers 2022 looks back at the most consequential criminal stories across Latin America this year. The CNDH reported that assailants killed 12 human rights defenders from January to July. Access to justice was limited. The board identified 3,286 homes in five states for relocation before completion of the construction project. Abuse of Migrants and Refugees: The press, international organizations, and NGOs reported targeting and victimization of migrants by criminal groups and in some cases by police, immigration officers, and customs officials, including at land borders and airports. A 2017 law made it illegal to use confessions obtained through torture as evidence at criminal trials. Spousal rape is criminalized in 26 of the 32 states. Legal and illegal fishermen and entire associations and industries feel they have no backup from the Mexican government to resist the narcos takeover. The army and the navy have human rights units to create protocols and training. Women with disabilities suffer disproportionate violence. Violent crime and gang activity are common. Some provisions, including those that peg the severity of punishments for sexual offenses to the chastity of the victim, contradict international standards. Between January and May there were an additional 20 complaints of cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment against the National Guard, 20 against the army, and 11 against the National Migration Institute. Authorities arrested four police officers and charged them with femicide (killing a woman because of her gender). Criminal cartels, common criminals, and sometimes police and migration officials regularly target people migrating through Mexico to rob, kidnap, extort, rape, or kill them. The government increased efforts to target human smuggling organizations. In addition, Puerto Vallarta is very LGBT-friendly with a very laid-back atmosphere. Women, children, indigenous persons, persons with disabilities, LGBTQI+ persons, and migrants (including men, women, and children) were the most vulnerable to forced labor (see section 7.c.). Federal labor law requires a minimum of 20 workers to form a union. Penalties for law violations regarding occupational safety and health regulations were commensurate with those for other similar laws but were rarely enforced. Several indigenous communities brought legal actions to oppose the construction, many of which were dismissed or denied. Freedom of Expression for Members of the Press and Media, Including Online Media: Independent media were active and expressed a wide variety of views without restriction but often self-censored due to fear of reprisal. In 2016 all civilian and military courts officially transitioned from an inquisitorial legal system based primarily upon judicial review of written documents to an accusatorial trial system reliant upon oral testimony presented in open court. In June the Federal Telecommunications Institute, an autonomous agency created to increase the transparency of media regulation, released internet neutrality guidelines for internet service providers. On June 17, while journalist Gustavo Sanchez Cabrera was riding his motorcycle, two unidentified individuals in a car crashed into him, exited the car, and fatally shot him. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2021 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, Section 1. For a plaintiff to secure damages against a defendant, authorities first must find the defendant guilty in a criminal case, a significant barrier due to the relatively low number of criminal convictions. In September, the Secretary of Defense announced that only military policeno civilian prosecutorswere investigating. Jewish community representatives reported good cooperation with the government and other religious and civil society organizations in addressing rare instances of such acts. Southern Utah University Department of Public Safety Monthly Crime Report October 1, 2022 to October 31, 2022 Date and Time Reported: 10/1/2022 0:41 Location: Eccles Housing Incident # S22-0583 Date and Time Occurred From-Occurred To: 10/1/2022 0:41 0:04 Incident: PI&E Synopsis: Assisted housing RA's with rounds. Battles for territory between criminal groups have resulted in violent crime in areas frequented by U.S. citizens and U.S. government employees, including restaurants and malls during daylight hours. The federal government and states continued to implement the law on forced disappearances. As a government official inTierra Calientetold me: Frankly, public security here, all life really, is totally managed by the narcos.. Children constituted 19 percent of irregular migrant flows identified by authorities; 30 percent of them were unaccompanied. (As of late 2022, tourists flying into Cancun are automatically given . The situation of agricultural workers remained particularly precarious, with similar patterns of exploitation throughout the sector. The ruling was based on the best interest of the child and the principles of equality and non-discrimination. The Zetas had transformed Mexico's criminal model by militarizing the practices of organized crime groups, which allowed them to control territories through access to sophisticated weaponry, the generation of terror and the extraction of rents from society through kidnapping and extortion of small and medium-sized businesses. San Luis Potosi state Exercise Increased Caution. In the June midterm elections, citizens voted for all members of the Chamber of Deputies, 15 governors, state legislators, and mayors across the country. In the high-traffic tourist areas, crime is nearly zero and there are helpful and friendly people everywhere, including local . with disabilities attended school at a lower rate than those without disabilities. In 2019, he created the National Guard to replace the Federal Police as the governments principal law enforcement body. The stories are sobering. Nongovernmental Impact: Organized criminal groups exercised a grave influence over media outlets and reporters, threatening individuals who published critical views of crime groups. According to National Security Secretariat statistics, between January and June, state-level prosecutors and attorneys general opened 495 femicide investigations throughout the country, exceeding the 477 state-level femicide investigations opened in the first half of 2020 (statistics from state-level reports often conflated femicides with all killings of women). COMARs budget increased modestly in recent years but was not commensurate with the growth in refugee claims in the country. Federal law prohibits domestic violence and stipulates penalties for conviction of between six months and four years imprisonment. Freedom of Expression, Including for Members of the Press and Other Media, b. Freedoms of Peaceful Assembly and Association, d. Freedom of Movement and the Right to Leave the Country, e. Status and Treatment of Internally Displaced Persons, Section 3. As of October the Special Unit for the Investigation and Litigation of the Ayotzinapa case had arrested more than 80 suspects, including army captain Jose Martinez Crespo, an Iguala municipal police officer, and the Iguala municipal police chief. On August 28, approximately 500 migrants, the majority from Haiti, started a caravan from Tapachula to Mexico City to obtain expedited asylum processing. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Mexico State. Exercise increased caution due to crime and kidnapping. All states have their own human rights commissions. For example, manufacturers commonly hired workers on one- to three-month contracts and then waited a period of days before rehiring them on new short-term contracts to avoid paying severance and to prevent workers from accruing seniority. In April authorities arrested and prosecuted Alexis Rafael Valadez Vazquez under the new law for publishing intimate photographs of women online, without their consent, to extort them. It might seem that 2022 is starting off with important positive news about the crime and security situation in Mexico. Federal law prohibits torture and other cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment, as well as the admission of confessions obtained through illicit means as evidence in court. With no access to schools or child care, many workers took their children to work in the fields. Criminal cases related to such violations were rarely carried out. There are no restrictions on travel for U.S government employees in Nayarit state, including tourist areas in: U.S. government employees may not travel to other areas of Zacatecas state. When comparing the crime rate in Puerto Vallarta with other cities, you'll notice that it is very safe even safer than many cities in the US (see comparison table below). The STPS is responsible for carrying out child labor inspections and refers cases of child labor to the Prosecutor Generals Office for sanctions. The committee first requested permission to visit Mexico in 2013 but was denied access by the previous government. Zeron led the investigation of the case by the former criminal investigations unit in the Attorney Generals Office at the time of the students disappearances. The Federal Center, however, estimated that only 10 to 15 percent of those collective bargaining agreements would undergo a legitimization vote because the worksite where the agreement was valid had closed, the work for which the agreement was negotiated had concluded, or the contract was a protection contract held by a nonrepresentative union. As of September no alleged perpetrators of the disappearances had been convicted, and 78 of those initially accused were released due to lack of evidence, generally due to irregularities in their detention, including confessions obtained through torture. Authorities arrested Mario Reyes and Gladis Cruz in connection with the killing. Criminal activity and violence may occur throughout the state. In November 2019, the Senate named Rosario Piedra Ibarra to head the National Human Rights Commission (CNDH). On January 11, the government ended migratory detention for children. Mexico's defense secretary, Luis Cresencio Sandoval, has defended his government's tactics, calling the attacks a counteroffensive against growing government pressure, including the deployment of. Emergency contraception was available, including for survivors of sexual assault. U.S. travelers are reminded that U.S. government employees must adhere to the following travel restrictions: There are no restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees to other parts of Oaxaca state, which include tourist areas in:Oaxaca City,Monte Alban,Puerto Escondido,andHuatulco. Impromptu roadblocks requiring payment to pass are common. Disposition: Inactive Nonetheless, discrimination was common against racial and ethnic minorities, including Black, Afro-Mexican, and indigenous groups. Individual employees or unions may complain directly to inspectors or safety and health officials. Federal government funding for womens shelters for the year was the same as in 2020. Mexico has relied heavily on the military to control drugs and fight organized crime, leading to widespread human rights violations. Nuevo Leon state Exercise Increased Caution. Although the law requires entities recruiting for overseas employment to register with the STPS, there is no enforcement mechanism, and only a handful of recruiters complied. The law allows for the reinstatement of workers if the CAB finds the employer fired the worker without just cause and the worker requests reinstatement; however, the law also exempts broad categories of employees from this protection, including so-called employees of confidence and workers in the job for less than one year. Its distribution is opaque and discretionary. With a judges consent, children may marry at younger ages. Almost two-thirds (64 percent) reported physical violence at the time of arrest, including electric shocks, choking, and smothering. The government generally exempted accompanying adults from detention to preserve family unity. Enforcement was inadequate in many small companies, in agriculture, and in construction, and nearly absent in the informal sector in which most child laborers worked. In May in Chicoloapan, state of Mexico, municipal police beat and detained supporters of feminist groups as they led a protest against gender-based violence and political parties. However, personnel are advised to exercise increased situational awareness after dark in downtown areas of Cancun, Tulum, and Playa del Carmen, and to remain in well-lit pedestrian streets and tourist zones. Online discrimination, harassment, and threats were problems particularly for women journalists and politicians, as well as any individuals and organizations advocating for womens rights. Twenty-four of 32 states have legalized same-sex marriage. INEGI reported in 2017 that 23 percent of working women experienced violence in the workplace within the past 12 months and that 6 percent experienced sexual violence. U.S. government employees must adhere to the following travel restrictions: There are no other restrictions on travel for U.S. government employees in Coahuila state. U.S. citizens and LPRs have been victims of kidnapping. This piece is part of a series titled "Nonstate armed actors and illicit economies in 2022" from Brookings'sInitiative on Nonstate Armed Actors. Prescription Pills Laced With Meth, Fentanyl Sold in Northern Mexico Pharmacies: Report. The law requires the Secretariat of Health to promote the creation of long-term institutions for persons with disabilities in distress, and the Secretariat of Social Development must establish specialized institutions to care for, protect, and house poor, neglected, or marginalized persons with disabilities. As of 2023, the crime rate hit an all-time high of 80.29%. As of September 13, three municipal police officers from Ixtlahuacan de los Membrillos, Jalisco, remained in pretrial detention for the killing of Giovanni Lopez. If the relevant authority accepts a CNDH recommendation, the CNDH is required to follow up with the authority to verify that it is carrying out the recommendation. The government did not enforce the law effectively. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. It failed to provide police protection or access to justice, work, health care, and education for the over 71,000 asylum seekers, including many families with children, sent to Mexico under the Remain in Mexico policy. Following Ramos killing, Cecilia Flores, the leader of one of the search collectives in which Ramos participated, received death threats. Following the August 2020 killing of Pablo Morrugares, El Diario de Iguala newspaper published a note blaming organized crime and Governor Hector Astudillo Flores administration for violence against journalists and impunity. You are about to leave travel.state.gov for an external website that is not maintained by the U.S. Department of State. Legally mandated joint management and labor committees set standards and are responsible for overseeing workplace standards in plants and offices. In addition to the outstanding Zeron arrest warrant, the Special Unit for the Investigation and Litigation of the Ayotzinapa case issued 12 warrants and made 10 arrests for investigative irregularities, such as torture and obstruction of justice. President Lpez Obrador has vastly expanded the scope of the military in public security, often supplanting civilian law enforcement. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings, c. Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Arrest Procedures and Treatment of Detainees, f. Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy, Family, Home, or Correspondence, a. The National Guard is led by military officers, trained by the military, and composed largely of military troops. 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